Polyaluminum Chloride PAC: An Overview of Uses and Process

Polyaluminum Chloride PAC: An Overview of Uses and Process
Introduction

Polyaluminum chloride PAC is a widely used chemical compound that finds its application in various industries, primarily for water treatment. In this blog post, we will delve into the different grades of PAC, the production methods, and its specific uses in different sectors. We will also discuss the storage precautions, implementation standards, and safety measures associated with PAC. So, let’s dive in and explore the world of PAC!

• Drum Drying: A Grainy Solution for Sewage Treatment

  

Drum drying is one of the methods used to produce PAC. The resulting PAC has a grainy appearance with colors ranging from tan to yellow, where the intensity of yellow increases with higher alumina content. Typically, PAC with alumina content below 26% is suitable for urban domestic sewage treatment and municipal sewage treatment with low turbidity. On the other hand, the 28% industrial-grade PAC is ideal for industrial wastewater treatment.

Industries such as papermaking, oil refining, printing and dyeing, steel mills, coal washing, and plastic manufacturing rely on PAC with higher water turbidity. PAC acts as a flocculant, aiding in the removal of impurities and achieving clear water quality.

For industries with stringent water quality requirements, PAC with an alumina content above 29% is considered drinking water grade. This grade is extensively used in pure water plants, water companies, pharmaceutical factories, food processing plants, and other sectors where high water quality treatment is necessary.

• Spray Drying: A Powdery Solution for Various Industries

Spray drying is another method employed in the production of PAC. The resulting PAC has a powdery appearance, with colors ranging from yellow to white. Spray-dried PAC generally has lower alumina content, around 26%, and exhibits a yellowish-brown color.

This type of PAC is commonly used in various industries for water treatment purposes. It serves as an effective flocculant in the removal of impurities and sedimentation. The lower alumina content makes it suitable for applications that do not require high levels of purity.

Storage Precautions: Ensuring Optimal PAC Quality

Proper storage is crucial to maintain the quality and effectiveness of PAC. Here are some storage precautions to adhere to:

1. Each prepared agent should not be stored for an extended period. The recommended storage cycle is one year.
2. Solid PAC should be stored, ensuring protection against moisture.
3. PAC should not be stored together with other chemical agents to prevent any adverse reactions.
4. It is important to note that different brands of water treatment agents should not be mixed.

Implementation Standards: Ensuring Compliance and Safety

To maintain consistency and safety in the usage of PAC, there are specific implementation standards in place. These standards define the quality and characteristics of PAC for different applications. Let’s explore the two main implementation standards:

• Food Grade: The current implementation standard for food-grade PAC is GB15892-2009. Food-grade PAC appears as a white powder, refined from aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. It has an alumina content of more than 29% and a solid form resembling fine white milk powder. The liquid content of white PAC is 10.0%, with a salt base ranging from 40.0% to 90.0%. Its density is measured at 1.12, ensuring compliance with food industry regulations.
• Industrial Grade: The current implementation standard for industrial-grade PAC is GB/T22627-2014. Industrial-grade PAC is commonly used for the treatment of industrial production wastewater. It undergoes the plate and frame filter press process, resulting in a PAC with an alumina content of more than 28%. However, PAC produced without the plate and frame filtration process may have an alumina content of less than 28%. The salt base of industrial-grade PAC ranges from 30.0% to 95.0%. Its primary function is to facilitate flocculation, precipitation, and the achievement of clear water quality for recycling purposes.

Safety Measures: Protecting Personnel and Ensuring Safety

When handling PAC, it is essential to prioritize safety measures to protect personnel and prevent any mishaps. Here are some recommended safety measures:

1. Production personnel should wear appropriate protective gear, including work clothes, masks, gloves, and long rubber boots.
2. Production equipment should be properly closed and secured to minimize exposure to PAC.
3. The workshop should be well-ventilated to avoid the accumulation of harmful fumes.

Usage: Dilution and Dosage for Effective Treatment

To ensure effective treatment, PAC is generally dissolved in water at a dilution ratio of 5%-10%. The solution is stirred thoroughly to create a yellow-brown or light-yellow liquid. The diluted PAC solution is then added to the sewage for treatment.

During the treatment process, it is important to monitor the sedimentation tank. If there are too few alum flowers and high residual turbidity, it indicates an insufficient dosage of PAC. In contrast, if there are large alum flowers floating in the sedimentation tank, it suggests an excessive dosage of PAC. Adjustments should be made accordingly to achieve optimal treatment results.

Conclusion – Polyaluminum Chloride PAC: An Overview of Uses and Process

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is a versatile chemical compound extensively used in various industries for water treatment purposes. The different grades of PAC, such as drinking water grade, food grade, and industrial grade, cater to specific application requirements. The drum drying and spray drying methods produce PAC with varying alumina content, making them suitable for different treatment needs. Adhering to storage precautions, implementation standards, and safety measures ensures the quality and safety of PAC usage. By understanding the proper dilution and dosage, effective treatment can be achieved. PAC plays a vital role in maintaining water quality and supporting sustainable practices in diverse sectors.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. Is PAC safe for drinking water treatment?
   Yes, PAC with an alumina content above 29% is considered drinking water grade and is safe for use in treating water for consumption.
2. Can I mix different brands of PAC for water treatment?
   No, it is not recommended to mix different brands of PAC or water treatment agents, as it may lead to undesirable reactions and affect treatment effectiveness.
3. How long can PAC be stored?
   Each prepared agent of PAC should not be stored for an extended period. The recommended storage cycle is one year to maintain its quality and effectiveness.
4. What are the primary industries that use PAC for wastewater treatment?
   PAC is widely used in industries such as papermaking, oil refining, printing and dyeing, steel mills, coal washing, and plastic manufacturing for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
5. 5. What is the recommended dilution ratio for PAC usage?
   PAC is typically dissolved in water at a dilution ratio of 5%-10% for effective treatment. However, adjustments may be necessary based on the specific treatment requirements.

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References:
– [GB15892-2009: Food Grade Polyaluminum Chloride](GB 15892-2009 English PDF (chinesestandard.net))
– [GB/T22627-2014: Industrial Grade Polyaluminum Chloride](GB/T 22627-2014 English PDF (chinesestandard.net))